St Patricks

One of Skrzynecki’s main focuses in ‘St Patrick’s College’ is the disconnections from the environment. The imagery of ‘Our Lady watched with outstretched arms’ conveys a sense on welcoming and inclusion. However, the ‘Lady’ image is ‘overshadowed by clouds’ and this is symbolises the persona’s insecurities and doubts for the institution. The persona’s disconnections are further reinforced by the irony of ‘I stuck pine needles into the motto. ’ The motto represents the core values of the school and the persona is desecrating these ideas. This highlights the persona’s disrespect for the school and his lack of immediate adoption of the school’s ideals. Thus, the persona is alienated and a sense of acceptance is not developed within the institution. Through the simile ‘like a foreign tourist’, Skrzynecki portrays the persona’s disaffection for the school. The diction ‘tourist’ suggests that the persona is an outsider and a connection to place has not yet been developed. This idea is further reinforced by the repetition of ‘8 years’ which emphasises the persona’s lack of acceptance. It indicates that his school time has appeared long to him, indicating a lack of interest due to his alienation. The personal pronoun of ‘I’ strengthens the idea of the personas alienation, illustrating his sense of loneliness. Consequently, through the stanza’s tone of disaffection it evokes within the responders empathy for the persona’s dislocation and alienation from the physical environment. The irony of ‘privileged to wear’ represents the impediment of the individual’s progress. The persona is carrying a burden of responsibilities and expectations set by his mum and the school itself. Although he did not feel accepted in the institution he tried to assimilate with the others around him as shown by ‘Could say The Lord’s Prayer In Latin, all in one breath’. This conveys his insincerity in the prayer and that his religious understanding is only superficial. Hence, the persona has no meaningful connection to the process of learning the values and the whole schooling experience.

Performance Appraisal Essay

Appraisal is a procedure by which an organization assesses employee performance based on present standards . The main purpose of appraisals is to support managers effectively, staff companies and deal with human resources, and to develop efficiency . Being â€Å"part of an organization measurement process†, performance appraisals serve that purpose by showing employees how to improve their performance, establish goals for employees and helping managers to evaluate subordinates’ efficiency and take actions related to hiring, promotions, training, job design, compensation and terminations. In the last 30 years companies use the employee evaluations not only for administrative purpose, but also for motivational and organizational planning purposes. The object of this paper is to understand and explain the role of human resources which to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals in a company. Human Resources Management deals with what can or should be done to make working people more effective and satisfied. In a few words, the management of human resources means that they must be recruited compensated,  trained, and developed. It is HRM’s responsibility to make job analysis (describe work and personal requirements of a particular job), to communicate to the employees performance standards (translate job requirements into levels of acceptable / unacceptable performance) and to coordinate performance appraisal programs. Thus, all aspects of human resources managements are critical to an organization’s ability to adequately effectively provide a quality work force. In fact, performance appraisals are a significant part of performance management system responsible for designing a work environment in which â€Å"people can perform to the best of their abilities.† Job description The focus in this paper is on presenting information about conducting a performance appraisal for a bus driver position. I choose this position because, bus drivers are important for our contemporaneous society which is in a continued development. This aspect implies the need of more connections between places, more transits and travel for people. It is essential that this action be done in the most safety and comfortable ways. The behaviour of each bus driver employee has to be evaluated and improved if it is necessarily. The training programs are the key in helping drivers learn how to deal with difficult people and avoid violence while on duty. Making a job analyse, bus driver is a position is responsible for transporting people from one place to another for work, errands, school, or other reasons. Takes fares from passengers, issues receipts, announces routes, and ensures passengers get out safety. Their primary responsibilities imply transport people, operate bus, and drive regu lar routes on a schedule or on chartered trips. They obey traffic laws, stop frequently and check the bus tires, lights, and oil and other basic maintenance. They have to report mechanical problems and accidents. May load and unload passengers’ luggage. A bus driver has to deal with unruly passengers, assist disabled ones and keep passengers informed of delays. Bus drivers are employed by urban transit system, elementary and secondary schools and private transportation companies. According to Service Canada the job prospects in this occupation is good having an annual average salary of 43,895. Thus, customer service skills are important because of the interaction with passengers. For a school bus driver is essential to ensure the safety of the children, which  may include accompanying students across the street and providing first aid in emergencies. The following skills are very important for a bus driver: active listening, operation monitoring, social perceptiveness – being aware of others’ reactions and understanding why they react as they do, equipment maintenance, operation and control, reading comprehension, coordination, time management, speaking, and critical thinking using reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Performance appraisal method Measurement of bus driver performance starts with the evaluation of skills and effectiveness during and following the year of work. The primary objective of performance appraisal is to establish whether drivers are performing their job safely serving the customer adequately, and following work rules, policies, and procedures that ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Analyzing the above information and knowing the job description for a bus driver, the behaviourally anchored rating scale (BARS) would be a good method for performance appraisal. This method scales points and is defined by statements of effective and ineffective behaviours. It puts together the benefit the benefits of narratives, critical incidents and quantified scales by attaching a rating scale with specific behavioural examples of good or poor performance. It provides better appraisals than the other tools. The evaluator has to show which behaviour on each scale describes an employee`s performance. For constructi ng the BARS process imply the generation of critical incidents the development of performance dimensions, the relocation of incidents, the scale of the incidents and the development of final instrument. Managers have a file folder for each employee, which can be hard copy or electronic. Critical incidents are important employee actions which help or hurt performance. The BARS is developed by a committee that includes both subordinates and managers. Thus, the main advantage of this method is that personnel outside HR department join with HR staff in its development. Of course, the employees will have a greater acceptance of the performance appraisal process and its measures. In the same time BARS requires considerable time and effort to develop it. Another disadvantage is that a  scale designed for one job might not apply another. For example, the BARS for a bus driver will contain the rating scale from 4 (exceeds expectations) to 1 (unsatisfactory) and its evaluation of safety, timeliness, student conduct, bus cleanliness and care, and attitude. Identification of appraiser Appraisal and feedback system should be made by a multi-rate assessment because bus driver position is multifaceted and people see different things. A range of people are asked to assess an individual against company framework. The feedback can be from subject`s staff, from their bosses and from colleagues and clients and passengers. This is called 360 ° appraisal. The intention of it is to give a boarder and more objective assessment of employees’ competence. This multi-rate feedback is only use when manager has 4-8 people reporting to them. It is important that the employee do not know how any evaluation team member responded ensuring the anonymity concept of 360 ° system. The exception of this rule is the supervisor`s rating. When this feedback comes from more people, it may lessen bias or prejudice. In the same time, feedback from peers and other may increase employee self-development. In the conclusion of this paragraph, remind that HR department has the primary responsibility for supervising and coordinating appraisal program. Conclusion A valuable performance appraisal program makes feedback and instruction to employees and gives a useful framework to the managers and to the supervisors which asses their staff’ performance. The conduct appraisal program should be set up once and reviewed whenever the manager and the employee meet for the regular performance report or periodically: annual or once every six months. Preferable, managers and supervisors should consecutively estimate and direct employees so that performance imperfections do not go unexamined for a long period of time only to be discerned and debated at the functioning appraisal survey. In summary, the performance appraisal for a bus driver position it’s important for the evaluation of this position’ skills but also for the safety of passengers in  their work and personal environment and their daily activities. That’s why a serious and concrete performance and appraisal method should be applied in a schedule planed time in al l the transportation company. Bibliography Belcourt, Monica, Singh Parbudyal, Bohlander George, Swell Scott. Managing Human Resources. Toronto, Ontario: Nelson Education, 2014. Service Canada, http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/qc/job_futures/statistics/7412.shtml Sage Publication, http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/45674_8.pdf Transportation Research Board, www.30hrsdc.gc.ca/NOC/English/NOC/2006/Profile

Limitations: Marketing Research Essay

Like everything else, there are advantages and disadvantages or limitations in research. The imitations are basically the downside of a marketing research. These limitations are manipulated by many factors such as the constant change in human behaviours and marketing environment. Therefore, the information can be used for a period of time. Some of the major limitations include marketing research is costly, time consuming, has a limited scope and practical value. It cannot predict consumer behaviour, neither does it give 100% accurate results nor does it provide solutions, only suggestion. Unfortunately marketing research does not have the availability of qualified or experienced staff and it has a fragmented approach. In other words, it does not take into account all possible problems, just one or two. The research can be misused, reliable data may not be available and finally marketing managers may not use suggestions mentioned in the report. In the marketing research for Choice Mobile Ltd, some of these limitations were encountered. First is that the research is time consuming. The steps to conduct a marketing research report are vital and therefore take a lot of time to gather. None of the steps should be neglected or avoided. In pursuing the research, gathering the secondary data was difficult as there were limited sources. Even when some information needed was sourced it was not in depth. The lack of information is most probably the competitors’ way to protect their strategies from new market entrants looking for ideas. Time is also strained by the length of time taken to receive responses to the survey questionnaire which delays the time needed to analyse and state the outcomes. Next is that it has a limited scope. This is where the research paper is unable to assist businesses in solving certain business-related problems, like consumer behaviour, income and expenditure relationships, etc. The survey for Choice Mobile Limited had its limitations because the distribution was limited to people of a narrow age group. Therefore, the research from the sample does not accurately represent the population. Furthermore, research can be conducted to analyse consumer behaviour but the results would not be completely accurate because researchers would not have responses from all members of the target market. Some sample populations may not have the expected responses in a particular subset such as a particular age group. In Choice Mobile Ltd the sample does not include any users over the age of fifty but in the full population they make up a substantial amount. Even if marketing research is done to analyse consumer behaviour there can never be a clear prediction of consumer behaviour. The research is not accurate because consumers’ decision making and buying patterns constantly changes. Their behaviours are influenced by moods, social factors, religious factors, family, economic factors and other factors. For example, a customer can decide to end their contract with Bmobile and switch to Digicel and vice-versa. In the case of Choice Mobile Ltd, the research may reflect that there is a 50% chance that consumers will change to their service but in reality it may be much more or much less depending on the influence of the factors mentioned at that point in time. Marketing research cannot give 100% accurate results. This is mainly applicable to consumer behaviours and the marketing environment that cannot be predicted due to their constant changes. Respondents chosen to part take in a questionnaire survey may not be interested and will answer questions just to get passed it. Others may not understand what the questions are asking due to their confusing structure. When this happens respondents may answer incorrectly or not answer at all. Accuracy is also compromised when respondents do not remember the details asked and they guess. In secondary research this problem is faced when information is outdated or comes from an unreliable source. Finally, in the research, it was found that there is a lot of non-availability of reliable data meaning people may not be sure of what they are asked in a questionnaire. Due to the ways in which people can interpret a question determines how they answer them. The research states that many people are post-paid customers but they use instant messaging more than internet apps such Whatsapp, etc. If people knew what services allowed the full use of their smart phone capabilities, the usage percentage of Wi-Fi, EDGE, 3G and 4G would have been much higher. Post-paid customers are also users of EDGE and/or 3G/ 4G simply through the purchase of a regular package. If they were more educated about these features, the response results would have been different. Thus, if the respondents understood what the questions really asked, the answers could have been different. If the questions are not 100% accurate, the results would not be either.

Examine the ways in which business contributes to economic, political, Essay

Examine the ways in which business contributes to economic, political, and social stability and instability - Essay Example Under this section, the global financial recession of 2008 will serve as a classic example of the potential of businesses to contribute to economic instability. Under the second section, a critical analysis of the contribution of businesses to political stability and instability will be discussed. The third section will consider the contribution of businesses to ether social stability or instability. Contribution of Businesses to Economic Stability or Instability Many economists have focused on describing the factors that affect the stability of the economy in different parts of the globe. The adoption of capitalism as an ideology in the business world brings out a clear picture of the dynamics that defined the business world. Capitalism is a system that favoured the rich countries that had the capital to invest, and served as a disadvantage to the lower class in any society that had to work as labourers with minimal wages. The bigger picture of the capitalism indicates that the esta blishment of free markets only serves to promote the interests of the rich. The rich countries have enjoyed the benefits of capitalism. On one side, capitalism has caused the economic stability of the wealthiest developed countries. This is evident from the analysis of the roots of capitalism in Europe and the trends that followed with capitalists occupying different territories. As Chang highlights in his critic of the capitalist system, it is evident that the opening up of markets promoted by capitalism has little benefit to the poor countries and has been the cause of the surging economic crises in these countries in the recent years (Chang & Lane2010, p. 34). Moreover, the capitalist system has only served to build several distinct capital systems that exhibit a level of competition. This competition only results in adversity that compromises the economies of some countries, while promoting the interests of the capitalist hegemony. After the recession experienced in the United S tates during the 1930s, it became evident that there was need for control of the business world. This led to the formation of different organizations that have been at the forefront of controlling the global markets and monetary systems. Evidently, these organizations have exerted a form of regulation of the international markets determining the ensuing business trends. Moreover, regional regulatory bodies that control the business trends in each region. Chang argues that the elimination of opaque financial products may foster a level of certainty concerning the future stability of the economy (Chang & Lane2010, p. 64). Evidently, it has proved impossible to ensure that each country and region maintain the openness and freeness of markets. Many countries have focused on the production of the opaque business products that have affected the stability of some economies. The 2008 financial recession reveals evidence that businesses have the potential of causing instability. The failure of banks was the primary cause of the recession. Prior to the recession, a few of the great banks controlled the financial system and had the security that they were not subject to failure. Moreover, many of the Americans had

Assignment1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Assignment1 - Essay Example Rarely do authors and instructors address the social perceptions of women in leadership roles; the general feeling is that there simply isn’t a problem to be addressed. Just follow the instructions (be assertive, state your mind, take the lead, expect people to follow you, search for common ground among disagreeing parties, etc.) and anyone, man or woman, can become a leader. Unfortunately, following the instructions in the real world brings women right up against gender bias. It is indeed difficult to determine the extent of the problem, or even if there is a problem. Rhode puts it succinctly, â€Å"Gender inequalities in leadership are pervasive; perceptions of inequality are not† (6). When looked at from the outside, especially with feminist eyes, gender bias is obvious and evidence-based. From the inside, for women and men doing their jobs, a snide comment can be overlooked, or the justification for being passed over for a promotion sounds reasonable, or raising the kids really is more important than the corner office. There are several root causes for overt or covert gender bias. Stereotyping plays a significant role. Lack of mentoring and support from female leaders stymies a woman seeking a more prominent position, because if she imitates a male mentor, she might be stereotyped as being aggressive. Workplace structures, entrenched for centuries, still encourage women to make their place in the home and family a top priority. Unequal opportunities lead to more unequal opportunities. A dichotomy emerges during the balancing act between the idea that gender should not matter when it comes time for promotions, and the fact that â€Å"gender differences do make some difference, and they need to be registered in leadership positions† (18). It shouldn’t matter when it shouldn’t matter, but it should when it should. During her

Gay Marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gay Marriage - Research Paper Example The following are the approaches that have been used to attempt to solve the standoff. 1. Political Approach The gay community has been needlessly subjected to negative tagging by the ‘straight.’ This has left authorities with no choice but to adjust the law in order to protect this minority group from intolerant and homophobic treatments. But is it true that the gay are victims of homophobia and intolerance from the straight society? â€Å"Homophobia is the hatred or fear of homosexuals †¦ sometimes leading to acts of violence and expressions of hostility.† (Anti-Defamation League, 2001). Fear and hatred of homosexuals is something that should be condemned in bold letters. Supporting Proposition 8 therefore exposes the gay to unjust and unfair treatment. However, only extremist individuals and groups come to this extent of being out-rightly insolent against the gay-and this is totally unacceptable. If someone is peacefully expressing their opinion against ho mosexuality because they think it is wrong, should they be termed intolerant and homophobic? If a church-based organization says it cannot admit gay individuals because its value system does not allow such, is that intolerance? Not any more than than Tyson (Meat Company) can join the American Vegetarian Association! It is not intolerant, it is just plain unreasonable. Cost of Implementation Not everyone who opposes homosexuality hates or fears the gay: they are simply expressing their opinion and practicing their freedom of expression. Apparently, the gay are cushioned by the law, such that they can get away with something that other people don’t. For instance, is it not ‘freedom of expression’ to talk against religion and the religious, but not against homosexuality? Jennifer Roback says, â€Å"I’m voting ‘yes’ on 8, not because of my views of gays and lesbians, but because of my views about marriage. I view marriage as a gender-based instit ution that attaches mothers and fathers to each other and to their children.† (Jennifer Roback, November 1 2008). Is it fair and just to have children in a situation where they cannot utter ‘mum’ or ‘dad’, because we adults have disordered these roles? Would a child feel the same way if they were cuddled in the bosom of a ‘male mother’ as they would in that of a ‘real’ mother? No one has the right to abuse homosexuals, but opposing them does not amount to discriminating against them. Rejecting Proposition 8 amounts to giving the gay way too much liberty at the expense of others-especially children; and criminalizing rather honest and kind opinions. 2. Sociological Approach Maggie Gallagher and Joshua K. Baker seem to reject the proposition by positing that gay marriages have no negative implication on the society. They assert that â€Å"†¦ children raised by lesbian and gay parents†¦ do as well if not better than c hildren raised by heterosexual parents† emotionally, socially and educationally. (Gallagher, Maggie and Joshua K. Blake, Pg 2). They posit that the gender of the parents does not matter; provided love, care and protection thrive in the family unit. However, they point at the immense significance there is in a traditional family by admitting that marriage is more than a private emotional relationship. â€Å"It is also a social good; †¦

Physiology and Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Physiology and Function - Essay Example In this regard, the atria facilitate the circulation by fundamentally allowing continuous venous flow to the heart during pulsation (Anderson, 1993). The Endocardium is the innermost layer of tissues that line the heart’s atrial and ventricular chambers. Since it underlies the muscular tissues that control the contraction of the heart, the endocardium provides feedback control to the heart through its interaction with the coalescing blood (Brutsaert, 1989). The pulmonary artery, which is located directly beneath the aorta, carries blood to the lungs from the right ventricle. It is important to point out that, this is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. In this regard, the artery carries the blood to the lungs for oxygenation in order to support the cardiovascular system (Halpern, 2011). The heart is divided into four chambers with the two lower chambers being the right and left ventricles. On one hand, the right ventricle is responsible for receiving blood and pumping it into the pulmonary artery where blood that is poor in oxygen is oxygenated and returns to the heart via pulmonary veins. Conversely, the left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta after obtaining it from the left atrium, which distributes blood to the rest of the body (Anderson,

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - Essay Example The decision of â€Å"do not resuscitate† is made by the patient if he is functionally able to convey it. If otherwise, the family members may have to make the decision when it is called surrogate decision (Torke, 2011). The subject has been the topic of discussion along with other end-of-life decisions due to the ethical and legal bearings (Sham et al, 2007). The decisions on the withholding of the treatment for the sustenance of life would be relaying the message that the patient accepts the progression of the disease and that he trusts the healing physician. There will be an underlying desire to reduce the burden on others. The wish to live and die naturally could also be influencing his decision (Sham et al, 2007). Research has elicited various factors influencing the doctors when the DNR (do not resuscitate) orders are made. These are based on the themes of a probability of survival, the desire of the patient, the quality of life prior to present illness and the quality e xpected after it (Sham et al, 2007). Federal and State policies in the US advice advance care planning where the patient may be encouraged to make his decision for other end-of-life decisions but DNR has been excluded (Sham et al, 2007). The BBC News has reported that the British Medical Association and the Royal College of Nursing in the UK have issued guidelines which indicated that the DNR orders could be issued only in consultation with the patients and families (BBC Ethics Guide, 2011). In Australia, the not-for-resuscitation (NFR) orders formed part of the medical practice but policies have still not yet provided a fool-proof method of implementation (Sidhu et al, 2007). Researchers indicate that current policies showroom for improvement: there are no standardised forms or patient information leaflets (Sidhu et al, 2007). A clinical audit had been conducted by Salins and Jansen as a retrospective study to determine the accuracy of documentation of NFR orders in patients who had died at the Lyell McEwin Hospital (2011).   This hospital was part of a teaching hospital in South Australia in 2007.   Eighty-eight files could be accessed for information.  

Impacts of Screens and Television on children Research Paper

Impacts of Screens and Television on children - Research Paper Example And though many parents do not feel disturbed regarding this issue, pedestrians claim that the impact of screens can be really damaging for children`s psyche. Generally, children`s behaviour, sleeping patterns, academic performance, the level of aggression, and physical health are affected by enormous time over the screen. However in this paper I am going to prove that the time spent by children in front of screens and the quality of the media products consumed play a decisive role for the overall effect. One of the major negative consequences of the time spent in front of screens is the influence on brain development. Despite the fact that scientists learn more and more how exactly child`s brain is changing there is still no clear picture of the impact of external factors on its work. The plasticity, flexibility, and weak connections between neurons make it possible to influence and reshape child`s brain. Neuroscientists claim that long and repetitive stimulation influence emotional and cognitive development of kids in different ways. First it is possible to speak of establishing of certain â€Å"habits of mind† by recurrent activities. Second, lack of certain stimuli also results in the mode of brain work. Children from the early age need directed communication with close people, diverse and intensive linguistic environment, stimulating physical interaction, and relevant to their age academic opportunities to develop normally. At the same time lack of these stimuli and passi vity deprive children of valuable resources (Healy, 2011). As a result children will further feel difficulties with engaging into normal social activities, playing, and using their cognitive abilities on the full capacity. However, if parents can keep balance between these activities and control children`s time spent with screen media it is possible to keep balance. Many experts claim that excess of Television and other screen media influence negatively imagination of children because of

Summary of the article The RAND Health Insurance Experiment, Three Case Study

Summary of the article The RAND Health Insurance Experiment, Three Decades Later - Case Study Example Consequently, examining potential threats to validity using the results would increase uncertainty. In addition to these threats, there is no systematic reexamination of the original data, and core findings from the RAND experiment. Incompleteness of the publicly available health data also prohibits the replication of the original RAND results. Differential participation could also lead to bias in the experiment, as there was higher participation among those covered by more comprehensive plans than those in lower comprehensive plans. Consequently, results cannot be reported with confidence. The authors attempt to answer the question by presenting the main findings of the experiment in a manner similar to the way they would be presented today. This makes the findings accessible to current readers. They also reexamine the validity of the experimental treatment effects, and address the potential of differential study participation and differential reporting outcomes across experimental treatments. In addition, they consider the RANDS estimates, and contrast between how the elasticity was originally estimated and its subsequent application. They finally caution against summarizing the experimental treatment effects from nonlinear health insurance contracts using single price elasticity. The results of the experiment indicated that an insurance plan that offers a lower coinsurance rate leads to more health utilization, compared to a plan that requires an individual to pay more to access the services. The 95% plan, for example, records a lower level of health spending, while the free care plan records more health spending. Therefore, individuals who spend more on health seek less treatment, than those who spend less on medical insurance. Patients seeking medical attention, and then returning to their homes also posed a higher percentage compared to those spending their nights in

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Supply chain management is therefore the process of controlling the system of downstream and upstream organizations of material, information. These processes are the ones that assist in the manufacture of products and services for customers. Logistics is the word for all the processes involved in getting the right product, in the right way, quality and quantity, in the right time, for the right customer and at the right cost . Many scholars have tried to clarify the difference between logistics and supply chain management. From their works, we can analyze that supply chain management was derived from logistics. From the traditionalist point of view, supply chain management is a part of logistics. In the traditionalist view, the latter is the wider field. In a unionist view, logistics is a part of supply chain management since the latter is a wider concept. However, a more neutral ‘intersectionist’ approach has emerged which states that logistics and supply chain manageme nt are interrelated disciplines since both can be applied to the benefit of the company in terms of cost savings and enhancing the service . Any supply chain, be it straightforward or complex, begins with the customer and ends with the customer. The chain begins with the customer since the client must first make a commitment to buy the product being sold. By contacting the office, a sales order for the required quantity is prepared. If the product is to be manufactured, the sales order is taken to the production plan and it includes the requirements that need to be fulfilled. Planning is the next step. In planning, the company creates a production plan which will effectively manage the process and make sure it runs smoothly and effectively. The next step is purchasing. Here, the company receives the list of raw material needed to make the customer’s request and the purchasing department writes and sends out purchasing orders to their preferred suppliers to provide the necessa ry items within the set time. Inventory is the next step. Here, the company checks the quality and accuracy of the materials received from the suppliers. They also record the materials into their inventory management system and take them for storage. The supplier then sends an invoice for the items delivered. While following the production plan previously written, the raw materials are moved to the production floor. In the production floor, the company transforms these raw materials into the finished goods. The final items are tested to make sure they meet the standards of both the company and the client then stored in the warehouse. The final step is delivery of the items to the customer. Here, the shipping department ascertains the best way to ship the products to the customer. After delivery, the customer signs to accept delivery and the company sends an invoice for the delivered goods to the customer. Comparative Profiles of the Organizations This research paper gives a comparis on of two companies involved in the distribution and supply of grocery. One is Seal Honey and the other goes by the name Fresh Mart. These two companies are head to head competitors. They sell the same products and there is no much difference in their pricing. Both companies have been in the industry for

Linguistics and Language Essay Example for Free

Linguistics and Language Essay The term dialect (from the ancient Greek word dialektos, discourse, from dia, through + lego, I speak) is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the languages speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. [2] A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed as ethnolect, and a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect or topolect. The other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it. Dialect: This is a complex and often misunderstood concept. For linguists, a dialect is the collection of attributes (phonetic, phonological, syntactic, morphological, and semantic) that make one group of speakers noticeably different from another group of speakers of the same language. COMMON SOURCES OF MISUNDERSTANDING: 1) DIALECT is NOT a negative term for linguists. . Often times, for example, we hear people refer to non-standard varieties of English as dialects, usually to say something bad about the non-standard variety (and thus about the people who speak it). This happened quite a bit during last years ebonics controversy. But, the term dialect refers to ANY variety of a language. Thus, by definition, we all speak a dialect of our native language. 2) DIALECT is NOT synonymous with accent. Accent is only a part of dialectal variation. Non-linguists often think accents define a dialect (or that accents alone identify people as non-native or foreign language speakers). Also, non-linguists tend to think that its always the other people that have an accent. So, what is accent? 3) ACCENT: This term refers to phonological variation, i. e.variation in pronunciation Thus, if we talk about a Southern Accent; were talking about a generalized property of English pronunciation in the Southern part of the US. But, Southern dialects have more than particular phonological properties. Accent is thus about pronunciation, while dialect is a broader term encompassing syntactic, morphological, and semantic properties as well. A final note on accent. WE ALL HAVE ONE! There is no such thing as a person who speaks without an accent. This is not an exercise in political correctness, by the way. It is a fact. In sum, a dialect is a particular variety of a language, and we all have a dialect. Accent refers to the phonology of a given dialect. Since we all have a dialect, we all have an accent. Idiolect: Another term that we must be familiar with is idiolect. Whats an idiolect? you ask, on the edge of your seat. An idiolect is simply the technical term we use to refer to the variety of language spoken by each individual speaker of the language. Just as there is variation among groups of speakers of a language, there is variation from speaker to speaker. No two speakers of a language speak identically. Each speaks her or his own particular variety of that language. Each thus speaks her or his own idiolect. Role of Dialect: Language says a lot about our identity. Americans, Australians, New Zealanders and South Africans all speak differently. When we meet somebody from a different part of the country, they may use different words, sounds or grammatical structures. A dialect is a variety of language that is characteristic of a certain area. For instance, in the Northern Cape, people refer to older people as grootmense and paper as pampier whereas in Pretoria they are called oumense and papier. If you hear colored people from Cape Town speaking Afrikaans, they sound different to Afrikaans spoken elsewhere. People from Natal speak English in different ways to people from Johannesburg etc. So often, the way we speak says a lot about where we are from, who we are and what we care about. So studying dialects is one way of validating peoples identities and ways of life. Characteristics of Dialect: There are ten characteristics of dialect. 1. Dialect can be identified by variation of grammar. 2. Dialect can be identified by variation of vocabulary. 3. Dialect can be identified by variation of prosody. 4. Dialect can be identified by variation of sentence structure. 5. Dialect can be identified by variation of figures of speech. 6. Variance of parent language by social class of speakers. 7. Variance of parent language by region inhabited by speakers. 8. Likely will not have its own written literature. 9. Likely speakers will not have state or nation of their own. 10. Likely region-specific for speakers. Difference between Dialect and Register: To describe differences we have to first understand these two terms separately. What is Dialect? A regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing from the standard literary language or speech pattern of the culture in which it exists: Cockney is a dialect of English. What is Register? In linguistics, a register is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. For example, when speaking in a formal setting, an English speaker may be more likely to adhere more closely to prescribed grammar, pronounce words ending in -ing with a velar nasal instead of an alveolar nasal (e.g. walking, not walkin'), choose more formal words (e. g. father vs. dad, child vs. kid, etc. ), and refrain from using contractions such as aint, than when speaking in an informal setting. Now it is time to differentiate both terms. A dialect is a variety of language used by different speech communities, whereas register is a variety of language associated with peoples occupation. Register is to do with variation in language use connected with topic matter. Ones dialect shows who (or what) he/she is, while ones register shows what he/she is doing. Dialect is a special form of speaking belonging to a group. Register is a linguistic term used to describe changing how one talks based on the situation. 1. Dialect: a local variety of a language*, usually understood by speakers of other dialects of the same language, often without a standardized grammar or spelling, used mostly for non-formal purposes in a local community or among people coming from the same community but living in another community than that they came from. There is often no consensus if such a local language variety is a dialect or a language. The choice is usually taken on the basis of political or conventional criteria and never on linguistic ones. 2. A speech register: a way of speaking or writing including vocabulary, syntax and pronunciation (or spelling) chosen by individuals to express themselves depending on the circumstances they speak: high register (formal occasions like parliamentary speech, official documents, celebrations), low register (informal occasions, conversations among family or friends group). There are also many in-between registers and specialized occasions like religious services, sport events, and so on. An individual may choose his dialect as a speech register for informal occasions, and a standardized language of a larger social unit on formal occasions (often called diglossia). Register: In linguistics, one of many styles or varieties of language determined by such factors as social occasion, purpose, and audience, also called stylistic variation. More generally, register is used to indicate degrees of formality in language use. The different registers or language styles that we use are sometimes called codes. According to a linguist Robert MacNeil (1989) the example of Register is; It fascinates me how differently we all speak in different circumstances. We have levels of formality, as in our clothing. There are very formal occasions, often requiring written English: the job application or the letter to the editorthe dark-suit, serious-tie language, with everything pressed and the lint brushed off. There is our less formal out-in-the-world languagea more comfortable suit, but still respectable. There is language for close friends in the evenings, on weekendsblue-jeans-and-sweat-shirt language, when it’s good to get the tie off. There is family language, even more relaxed, full of grammatical short cuts, family slang, echoes of old jokes that have become intimate shorthandthe language of pajamas and uncombed hair. Finally, there is the language with no clothes on; the talk of couplesmurmurs, sighs, gruntslanguage at its least self-conscious, open, vulnerable, and primitive. Role of Register: Its chief importance is social. It signals the kind of interaction the speaker wants, or acceptance/no acceptance of the kind of interaction expected in any situation. For instance, level of formality is a major aspect of English register. Highly formal register can signal authority, disapproval, unfriendliness. Informal register can signal various things: genuine friendliness; a fake attempt to come across as friendly; or even deliberate disrespect if the other speaker expects formal register. Choice of register can also signal social class, in areas where this is still an issue. Higher classes tend to use a more formal register in ordinary conversation. Understanding the difference between register and grammar is important, as many speakers confuse the two: particularly in thinking that only formal register is correct grammar. This can lead to major errors of register: for instance, the highly formal It is I is only correct in the most formal register, and using it under any other circumstances will make a speaker sound a pompous idiot to most speakers. Characteristics/ Features of Register: 1) Language Styles Every native speaker is normally in command of several different language styles, sometimes called registers, which are varied according to the topic under discussion, the formality of the occasion, and the medium used (speech, writing, or sign). Adapting language to suit the topic is a fairly straightforward matter. Many activities have a specialized vocabulary. If you are playing a ball game, you need to know that zero is a duck in cricket, love in tennis, and nil in soccer. If you have a drink with friends in a pub, you need to know greetings such as: Cheers! Heres to your good health! Other types of variation are less clear-cut. The same person might utter any of the following three sentences, depending on the circumstances: I should be grateful if you would make less noise. Please be quiet. Shut up! Here the utterances range from a high or formal style, down to a low or informal oneand the choice of a high or low style is partly a matter of politeness. (Jean Aitcheson, Teach You Linguistics. Hodder, 2003) 2) Participants in an Exchange Like variation in our manner of dress, stylistic variations in language cannot be judged as appropriate or not without reference to the participants in the interchange (i. e. , speaker and listener or reader and writer). For example, you would not speak to a 5-year-old child, an intimate friend, and a professor using the same style of speech. Using the term eleemosynary charitable would probably be inappropriate for the child and the friend, while using number one urinate would probably be inappropriate for the friend and the professor. (Frank Parker and Kathryn Riley, Linguistics for Non-Linguists, 3rd ed. Ellyn Bacon, 1999) 3) Register Features Register features are core lexical and grammatical characteristics found to some extent in almost all texts and registers. . . . Any linguistic feature having a functional or conventional association can be distributed in a way that distinguishes among registers. Such features come from many linguistic classes, including: phonological features (pauses, intonation patterns), tense and aspect markers, pronouns and pro-verbs, questions, nominal forms (nouns, nominalizations, gerunds), passive constructions, dependent clauses (complement clauses, relative clauses, adverbial subordination), prepositional phrases, adjectives, adverbs, measures of lexical specificity (once-occurring words, type-token ratio), lexical classes (hedges, emphatics, discourse particles, stance markers), modals, specialized verb classes (speech act verbs, mental process verbs), reduced forms (contractions, that-deletions), co-ordination, negation, and grammatical devices for structuring information (clefts, extra position). A comprehensive linguistic analysis of a register requires consideration of a representative selection of linguistic features. Analyses of these register features are necessarily quantitative, because the associated register distinctions are based on differences in the relative distribution of linguistic features. (Douglas Biber Dimensions of Register Variation: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison. Cambridge University Press, 1995) Sociolinguistics: (Wikipedia) â€Å"Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the sociology of language focuses on languages effect on the society. Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics. It is historically closely related to linguistic anthropology and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned recently. It also studies how language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e. g. , ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc. , and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize individuals in social or socioeconomic classes. As the usage of a language varies from place to place; language usage also varies among social classes, and it is these sociolect that sociolinguistics studies. † Sociolinguistics is the study of how language serves and is shaped by the social nature of human beings. In its broadest conception, sociolinguistics analyzes the many and diverse ways in which language and society entwine. This vast field of inquiry requires and combines insights from a number of disciplines, including linguistics, sociology, psychology and anthropology. Sociolinguistics examines the interplay of language and society, with language as the starting point. Variation is the key concept, applied to language itself and to its use. The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and changing. As a result, language is not homogeneous — not for the individual user and not within or among groups of speakers who use the same language. By studying written records, sociolinguists also examine how language and society have interacted in the past. For example, they have tabulated the frequency of the singular pronoun thou and its replacement you in dated hand-written or printed documents and correlated changes in frequency with changes in class structure in 16th and 17th century England. This is historical sociolinguistics: the study of relationship between changes in society and changes in language over a period of time. Branches of sociolinguistics: Sociolinguistics can be defined broadly or narrowly Broad: branch of linguistics studying those properties of language which require reference to social, including contextual, factors in their explanation Narrow: seeks to explain patterned co-variation of language and society; seeks rules to account for that variation. Some traditions of sociolinguistic investigation: 1) Linguistic variation: (sociolinguistics proper): focuses on the linguistic variable that correlates with social differences. Unit of study is language itself considered a part of linguistics. 2) Ethnography of speaking: emphasis on various aspects of context that are involved in differing interpretations of language use. Unit of analysis is not language itself but rather the users of language: the speech community generally considered part of sociology or anthropology. 3) Language planning (also applied sociolinguistics, sociology of language): emphasis on practical aspects of this study. Much about language contact issues and language use in education.

What Is The Propaganda Model?

What Is The Propaganda Model? When Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky discussed the propaganda model in the book called Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media  from the political economy viewpoint. They pointed out that money and power can filter some of the information, allowing the government and politicians to spread their words to the public. Although the purpose of media is not for propaganda only, the main proportion of it is used for propaganda (Herman Chomsky, 1988). They argue that every piece of original daily news in America is under strict checking before they can be published, the news gatekeepers including ownership, advertiser and sources. From this point, the media are totally lost in serving those who can control and support them, representing the interest of the wealthy and powerful class in the society. They called the checking process as five filters of the news, which is also the central notion of the propaganda model. The newsfilters are ranging from money dominators , advertisers, sources, to flak and anticommunism. Through analysing the five filters, they are dividing the propaganda model into two types: the first pattern is characterized as checked through the official censorship to serve those who are the dominant class in the society. While the latter propaganda type is difficult to be noticed, the media always discloses scandal by the authorities and criticized the government to convince the public. Once the general public have trusted the media, they will naturally follow the media and support those government policies that media is advocating. That is publicity gambit played between the media and the dominant class. The latter type is more important in Chomskys opinion. The first filter illustrates that the investors monopolized the media. Take the newspaper for example, fierce competition in the profit driven free market result in emphasizing more about the readers. Moreover, the progress of technique means the cost is increasing, for the working class newspaper, the cost is relatively low, thus then, and they have to quit the competitive market. Since the media entered the profit-driven market, the capital of the giant media firms are generally controlled by the large enterprise, the board, the stockholders and the bankers in the enterprise are caring more about the profit rather than the quality of the news. Thereby, it is not surprising that the media giants are tied up with wealthy circles. The media are highly reliance on the advertisers in the profit-driven market, which means the choosing of the advertisers, will influence the media profoundly. On one hand, the considerable revenue from advertising will naturally increase the popular media product. In other word, it is impossible to get the support from the advertisers without the ratings guarantee. As Herman and Chomsky (Herman Chomsky, 1988.) argued in their book that it was the buying power from the audience attracting the media most. As a result, it is not difficult to understand why the newspaper is going backwards and in crisis while the society is developing. On the other hand, Advertisers often discriminate both the working class and radical media politically (Herman Chomsky, 1988), in which the advertisers would rather consider more about those who have great purchasing power than the poor. News source is the third filter. Sources form the government and the company can meet the need of media organization: using the reliable sources from the government and the company, can ensure the objective of news reporting; on the other hand, through getting the news sources from the government and the giant company, the publications can cut out a great deal of unnecessary expenditure spending on investigating other unreliable sources. Herman and Chomsky called the fourth filter as flak and the enforces (Herman Chomsky, 1988, p.26.), that is, the government and the major corporation are able to put pressure on the media. Here, flak means bad feedback of a media programme. The media will pay great price for the negative response; they have to defend themselves in or out of the institution, even in the court. Moreover, the advertisers will pull the advertisement as well. According to Chomsky, the flak is generally from the person in authority. Under such pressures, the media can only represent the interest of the investors. The fifth filter is called anticommunism as a control mechanism. In here, they are referring to the media are advocating communism policies (policies that are threatening the property profit, especially the America property profit) as a threat to the bourgeoisie. As stated above, the first three filters are more important in the propaganda theory. Essentially speaking, the methodology of the propaganda model is the same as other theories; they are beginning with loads of hypotheses, and then go back to the assumption through personal experience (Klaehn, 2003). Although Jeffery (2003) argues that the propaganda model is a concept result from the analysis on the relation of media and the authorities systematically and logically. However, different from other research, Chomskys evidences seem to be lacking of persuasion. In addition, this model is mainly focusing on the newsroom structure, it cannot be used to analyse the general journalism practice. Besides, although Klaehn has explained some criticism about the difference between gatekeeper theory and propaganda model, and argued the propaganda model is only used for the analysis of the framework but not the psychological process of the media (Klaehn, 2005). There are some similarities still can be found between them: the aim of the news agency is to satisfy the advertisers rather than attract the audiences under the profit-driven market; every piece of news need to be revised step by step before being printed; in order to reduce the cost, a large number of news agencies are trying to decrease the investigative content in order to avoid being criticized or lawsuits. Obviously, Chomskys propaganda model is largely focusing on the American journalism in the Cold War period. He argues that the propaganda model played an important role during the Cold War period; the media is surly the core of the model. He is not only suspecting that the media is stifling public criticism of the government, keeping the public away from the truth; but even considering that the media is responsible for protracting the Cold War. The propaganda model is widely applicable in America because of the news culture in the US (Chomsky, 2007).Most of the media group in the US are belonging to the private ownership and not subsidized by the government, almost financially independent. Large amounts of the media are controlled by a limited number of big companies, who are also getting on well with the government through the political donations on the trade of weapons. Consequently, they are sometimes involving in the national policy making as well. Meanwhile, the sources of news are required to be obtained through the official channels, such as the press conference or the personal interview. In order to get the first hand information, the journalists need to be getting on well with the government agencies, which will also affect the media attitude towards the politics. From the Chomskys propaganda model it can be seen that in order to strengthen the objective image to the public, the media ownership are using the way of conglomeration and merger of small media companies to make grater in power, influence, stature, or reputation. Sometimes, the government played an accomplice role in this process, charging some small media companies to let them bankruptcy because of the heavily cost of the lawsuit, while the giant media is benefit from the influence and power. Thus it can be seen that the media and the government in the US are closely connected. Because of that, media in the US are always exercising self-censorship. Although Chomsky uses the propaganda model to criticize the media in the Europe, it is lacking of generalizability after all. Klaehn has written on her article that there was a common criticism on the propaganda model: the propaganda model is to be analyzed under the hypothesized condition that there is no difference among the internal the ruling class, but that will never happen in the reality (Klaehn, J. 2002). As Chomsky and Herman have explained in their book, it is similar to the emphasis within the book, the propaganda of some authoritative country is different to the media of the U.S. In fact, spirited debates is allowed and encouraged in the U.S., only when it does not cross the line. (Herman Chomsky, 1988). Moreover, they have made another further explanation that we used the concepts of worthy and unworthy victims to describe this dichotomization, with a trace of irony as the varying treatment was clearly related to political and economic advantage rather than anything like actual worth (Herman, 2000). Talking about this, Colin Sparks, from the University of Westminster has suspected whether this model can be used to explain every context of the media in the UK. Colin Sparks (Sparks, 2007) took the example of the Iraq War reporting in the UK and argued there were lots of researches showing that many media in the UK doubted the legitimacy and appropriateness of the Iraq war. He believes propaganda model neglect the complication of capitalist society. From the economical aspects, the conflicting interests among the different department within the capitalism will be everlasting. It is well known that the US media nearly monopolize the media industry in the world. The propaganda model has archived the largest utility during the international news communication. However, media in other countries are not always following what the Americans want. When the reporting does harm the interest of the country or the reporting is iniquitously unjust, each media organization in the single country will put up resistance. UK is not an exception. 20th March, 2003, the allied forces of US and Britain started the Iraq war without the authorization of the United Nations Security Council. During the prewar and postwar time, the US media has made every attempt to advocate the propaganda model, controlling and intervening the news reporting, in order to ask for support. Although both the United Kingdom and the United States is the staunchest ally during the war, the way of reporting the war was very different because of their different attitude towards the Iraq war. Comparing with the patriotism reporting in the America, news in the UK was obviously impartial. Not only reporting the British and American forces attacked the Iraq forces, but also relayed the civilian casualties,Moreover,they also made some independent comment on the war, even some criticism were totally different from the America announcement. Brookes and Lewis has analyzed the British Television Media; they choose the four main News channels as a sample of how they reported the Iraqi War, including BBC 1, ITV News, Channel4News and Sky channels. They were mainly focusing on three aspects. Whether Iraq owned weapons of mass destruction, the viewpoint of whether Iraqi civilians wish to be liberate from the governance of Saddam and whether the nature of Saddams politics was vicious. The result showed 86% of report tends to agree that Iraq does own weapons of mass destruction (Lewis Brookes, 2004). Those who believe warfare can liberate Iraq are double of the amount of the reports of attack Iraq. More than half of the reports believe that Saddams policies makes Iraq civilian feels they are under pressure and pain. Even channel4 news report seems to have a fair opinion; Brookes and Lewis still give a conclusion of British Television is biased towards the government. In addition, Couldry and Doweny (Allan Zelizer, 2004) analyzed seven newspapers report before the Iraq War started (2003 January to Mid February). They mainly focus on whether media should investigate of the reason of starting a war. Result shown that the right-wing newspaper like The Times, The Sun, Daily Telegraph, Daily Mail might or might not support the starting of the war. Newspapers such as Daily Mirror, Independence, Guardiance is considered to be focus on the benefit of the nation and is opposite to the west-ring newspaper is doubting the reason and moral standard on the reason of starting a war towards Iraq. Robertson (Robertson, 2004) chose two Scotland papers The Herald and The Scotsman as the subject of the study and analyses on the report that have been done on the Iraqi war. Its purpose is to analyzing whether the Scotland newspaper is playing a role of watchdog or lapdog. The study shows that both newspaper report the action have been taken in the Iraqi war and the result they have achieve during the war. In comparison, the reports related to the destruction of the facilities in Iraq, the impact towards the public hygiene, environment and social order is relatively less covered within the reports. There are also 2775 cases in total mention about the victims, even those who have rarely cover the death of Iraqi civilian, Arabs and Muslim people. Based on the research from the scholars, there are some specific antiwar news. For example, Daily Mirror in the UK has published two pictures in the front page, which is George Bush with a smile in one picture with a crying Iraq woman on the war wrecks in another picture, with the title he likes it; moreover, Daily Mirror criticized that the Iraq war was pointless, horrible, and appealed to the UK government to stop the war. In addition, The Independent and other newspaper in the UK had replied to Bushs announcement about the war will last for no matter how long it will require on the 28th, March, and it was widely accepted that the longer the war lasts, the heavier the economic losses will be suffering, the more political price will be paid as well. Besides, on the 25th April, the former president of BBC Greg Dyke had delivered a speech in the University of London, he criticized that the news from the America media was over impartial and could not illustrate all the truth from the battlefield, which Greg Dyke was called distorted patriotism. During the war time, the propaganda model was not applicable to explain the media in the UK; on the contrary, it works on few specific cases nowadays. In the 24th, November, 2009, a committee was set up in the UK to investigate the legality of the Iraq war. The result of the investigation will be put out after the election around the end of 2010. The investigation time and scope will be arranging from 2001 until the end of July, 2009, including every stage the British army prepare for the war, go to the war and pullout. Many former government high officers will involve in the inquiry as well. To all appearances, it is difficult to use the propaganda model to explain this. According to the propaganda model, in order to be trusted by the public, the media disclosures scandals of the authorities and criticized the government. Different from this time, once the commission has investigated that the Iraq war is illegal, most of the media organisations that had supported the war would be accused. Instead of gaining the belief from the public, there is no denying that the media are just digging their own graves. In my opinion, the news of Iraq war investigative commission just follows the propaganda mode, getting the trust from the public through criticising the government without being noticed. It is a fight among the political party results in setting the investigative commission. Firstly, talking about the announcement that the investigation result will be published after the election. On one hand, this timing will not diminish the effect of the political propaganda; on the other hand, an opened interrogation was conducted by an investigative group on the commanders and politicians who is involved in the Iraq war, the purpose of that is to advertise and to build up the publicity for Gordon Brown during the election. Secondly, the result of the investigation will make no sense. The Guardian (Sparrow, 2009) argued that the Iraq inquiry was not the responsibility for the investigative commission to judge whether the Iraq war is legal or not. In addition, there is no lawyer and judge in the commission team and all the team members are chosen by Gordon Brown, thus then the so called investigation is just conducting in a perfunctory way. If there is a real need to investigate in the lies and acts the British and the American government have done in the Iraq war, it is then necessary to be carry out by international organisations, such as UN Commission on Human Rights or International Criminal Tribunal. The commission will not dig out the crime that they have done, but in fact they cover up the facts from the public. To sum up the above arguments, it is not surprising that the propaganda model has been strongly criticized by some people. Herman and Chomskys Propaganda Model does not explain every media in every context; it is too rigid in its causal argument and lack of accurate support. Yet we live in a world, changes take place all the time, there is no adaptable news model that is suitable forever. Even in a country, as media in the UK, there would be a variety of news reporting towards one event. Although some of the news can be analysed by the propaganda model while others cannot. In a word, the propaganda model is lack of practicalness and general applicability.

Comparison of Universities and Community Colleges Essay -- College Edu

Comparison of Universities and Community Colleges When you graduate high school you have your choice of what kind of an education you want to get. You have your choice of going to a 4-year university, or a 2-year college. In order to decide you will compare the two and use the comparisons to come up with your final decision. Questions to ask yourself would be, what are you looking for in college, how do you want to learn, and how much money do you have to work with. Comparing University and Community college the first thing that comes to mind is the difference in price. Certain Universities are more expensive than others. The difference in price is because of the difference in price and size, also because of the difference in the educational program they have. The price for a University can also differ with whether or not you are going to live there. With a Community college the price will differ significantly. The difference in price strands for the difference in size, teaching and living. At a Community college you have a sma ller campus, the curriculum is different and yo...

Economic Divergence In Australia :: essays research papers

Economic divergence in Australia – it is an issue that I feel all Australians should be aware of and deal with, because if the gap is not bridged, then Australia's economic prosperity and social fabric will be under serious threat. Evidence of this divide is seen with the differences in unemployment rates and household income between the urban and rural regions. Australia's economy has sent inner-city employment levels through the roof - thousands of millionaires created each year by exploding real estate prices in Sydney and Melbourne have helped to feed a huge retail boom. This, however, goes only so far - there is a 'dark' side to our prosperity - Australia is experiencing a wealth divide, and areas in the bush and other rural communities are struggling for survival. Evidence may also be found in the city, where suburbs a few kilometres apart differentiate enormously in terms of income and unemployment rates. Take the bush, for example, where reliance on a single industry and a shortage of services creates a wealth of problems. Not only this, but low prices for key commodities such as wheat and wool is making life very tough for many rural communities across Australia. In terms of unemployment, the number of jobs in rural and mining areas has been on the decline and particularly in the past 15 years. At the other end of the spectrum, outlying suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne still face unemployment rates of above 10% because of the cutting back of employment in traditional industries such as textile, clothing and footwear, and vehicle manufacture. This can plainly be seen in Elizabeth, north of Adelaide, where almost one in four of those seeking work are unemployed and the suburb remains heavily dependent on the car industry. In terms of statistics, a huge contrast is evident with the unemployment rate in the Murraylands in South Australia at 11.3%, against the minute 2.9% in the inner-west of Sydney. This is underlying evidence of the variance between city and bush. The growing chasm may also be seen with the differences in household income, where in an area such as the Wide-Bay Burnett region in Queensland has barely half the household income of inner Sydney. It is predicted that during the next five years, many regions of Australia will struggle to achieve increases of household income of up to $1000, while the 'global' city segments of Melbourne and Sydney can expect increases of between $6000 and $8000, an enormous contrast.

Facilitating Diffusion of E-governent Services Essay example -- Gover

1 Introduction E-government has the potential to improve greatly the delivery of public services, making them easier to access, more convenient to use, more responsive, more transparent and so on. It also has the potential to free up resources in the public sector by delivering services more efficiently. Therefore governments are keen to push their citizens to use online services to deliver public services more efficiently and faster with lower cost. For instance U.K. government, in February 2010, announced a new strategy for the public sector aimed at simplifying and standardizing ICT across the public sector to enable interoperability and data sharing while providing flexibility and efficient services that will deliver savings of over  £ 3.2 billion per year(E-Government factsheets, 2010). Although the e-government services are beneficial to the citizens but diffusing these services to citizens in an innovative format could be challenging. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence o f electronic government in facilitating the diffusion of public services to citizens and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this transformation. To evaluate the influence of e-government in facilitating the diffusion of public services, firstly we must know what the e-government is, then, what factors are important for successfully implementing of the e-government concept, and finally, what type of benefits citizens could gain by using government’s e-services. This essay consists of 5 main sections starting with the e-government literature followed by historical view of e-government in the U.K. The next section is discussing about the influential factors of successful diffusion of e-government services followed by further discuss... ...n in the public sector: Key features influencing the development and implementation of technologically innovative public sector services in the UK, Denmark, Finland and Estonia." Information Polity: The International Journal of Government & Democracy in the Information Age 12, no. 3: 109-125. [Accessed 25th November 2010] Schipper, K. (2010). â€Å"How can we measure the costs and benefits of changes in financial reporting standards†. Accounting & Business Research, 40(3), 309-327. Teo T. S.H., Srivastava S.C., & Jiang, L. (2008) â€Å"Trust and Electronic Government Success:An Empirical Study† .Journal of Management Information Systems / Winter 2008–9, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 99–131. Vassilakis, C., Lepouras, G. & Halatsis, G.(2007) â€Å"A knowledge-based approach for developing multi-channel e-government services†. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 6 (2007) 113–124 Facilitating Diffusion of E-governent Services Essay example -- Gover 1 Introduction E-government has the potential to improve greatly the delivery of public services, making them easier to access, more convenient to use, more responsive, more transparent and so on. It also has the potential to free up resources in the public sector by delivering services more efficiently. Therefore governments are keen to push their citizens to use online services to deliver public services more efficiently and faster with lower cost. For instance U.K. government, in February 2010, announced a new strategy for the public sector aimed at simplifying and standardizing ICT across the public sector to enable interoperability and data sharing while providing flexibility and efficient services that will deliver savings of over  £ 3.2 billion per year(E-Government factsheets, 2010). Although the e-government services are beneficial to the citizens but diffusing these services to citizens in an innovative format could be challenging. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence o f electronic government in facilitating the diffusion of public services to citizens and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this transformation. To evaluate the influence of e-government in facilitating the diffusion of public services, firstly we must know what the e-government is, then, what factors are important for successfully implementing of the e-government concept, and finally, what type of benefits citizens could gain by using government’s e-services. This essay consists of 5 main sections starting with the e-government literature followed by historical view of e-government in the U.K. The next section is discussing about the influential factors of successful diffusion of e-government services followed by further discuss... ...n in the public sector: Key features influencing the development and implementation of technologically innovative public sector services in the UK, Denmark, Finland and Estonia." Information Polity: The International Journal of Government & Democracy in the Information Age 12, no. 3: 109-125. [Accessed 25th November 2010] Schipper, K. (2010). â€Å"How can we measure the costs and benefits of changes in financial reporting standards†. Accounting & Business Research, 40(3), 309-327. Teo T. S.H., Srivastava S.C., & Jiang, L. (2008) â€Å"Trust and Electronic Government Success:An Empirical Study† .Journal of Management Information Systems / Winter 2008–9, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 99–131. Vassilakis, C., Lepouras, G. & Halatsis, G.(2007) â€Å"A knowledge-based approach for developing multi-channel e-government services†. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 6 (2007) 113–124

I Have a Dream Speech

Throughout the 1960s, Martin Luther King, a famous activist, engaged in various civil rights boycotts and protests, helping to further the movement and gain its eventual victory. Out of all of his civil rights efforts, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, given on the Lincoln Memorial in 1963, had the greatest impact on the world. The speech managed to illustrate the racist problems of the time and provoke the audience into feeling sympathy, while providing hope to the depressed African-American population.King's speech not only changed history for the black community, but it also gave hope to blacks throughout the world. His speech was so successful because he was able to arouse his audience to their feet and get them to take action in society. The reason for the great impact of the speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream,† is due to the tense social mood of the time and that it reflects the conditions of the time, giving black activists a vision for the future.It struck directly in to the hearts of blacks across America, and made whites ashamed of their actions and be willing to have a new start. In just 17 minutes, King influenced and informed the people about racial equality and fairness. Later, near the end of his speech, King continues to â€Å"preach† this point. For example, he stated, â€Å"†¦little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. King talks about the future and how one day, freedom will â€Å"ring† from all across the United States and how people of all races will be able to â€Å"join hands† and be â€Å"brothers and sisters. † He strongly desires a united world where racism will not exist. He says, â€Å"With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. † Overall, King intelligently used a we ll-planned structure to manipulate his audience into agreeing with him.

Who Will Light the Incense When Mother’s Gone? & On Going Home

When reading non-fiction we fork over to think critically rough what the writer is move to leave in their instal. We look at formalist criticism and historical criticism, to see if there is anything that exit in either of those two categories. Writers overly basis overly use un uniform strategies in order to convey their dissertation or beginnings. The non-fiction works that I brook chosen ar Who Will trip the Incense When Mothers ka induct(p)? by Andrew Lam and On outlet Home by Joan Didion. I result discuss their thought and how Lam and Didion conveyed that report card into their work and for what purpose and to whom it was for.I exit also discuss why it is considered a piece of non-fiction and how imagination plays a part in the selected stories. Who Will Light the Incense when Mothers foreg matchless? By Andrew Lam Summary The theme that suffers out in the short fiction by Andrew Lam is usage. Lam conveys this theme when his let asks who pull up stakes settle the worsen. In Vietnam, which is Lams headquartersland, he remembers illuminate incense precisely since fleeing to America is has aim a distant dream and he no lengthy knows who to pray to and for what purpose.Having fled so far from Vietnam, I no farsighteder know to whom I should address my prayers or what promises I could possibly make to the extensive departed. (p. 1115). It is a tradition that his contract has kept since moving to the Americas and it is a tradition that could be lost in one case she is no longer on this earth. however Lam realizes that his spawn and he delay in two different worlds. His mother still believes in praying to the etymons every morning, spot Lam is too busy musical accompaniment an Ameri back end bread and furtherter. Strategy Purpose & audition Lam conveys this theme by his memories of what it was wish growing up with his mother in America.She kept her pincerrens degrees, trophies from sporting events, equitable as any loving exalted mother would do. But above that shelf, she had her incense that she lit every morning, religiously. she climbs a chairperson and piously lights a few joss sticks for the communicable altar that sits on top of the upkeep room bookcase. (p. 1115). The purpose of this floor that I believe Lam is trying to picture is the touch sensationing he felt when he heard that no one will light the incense when his mother is gone. This is a receiveing that any immigrant child foot be able tinct to disappointment.His mother wishes for one of her children to follow the tradition of praying to the ancestors but she knows that it will be too frequently to ask. And when, upon my mothers insistence, I light incense, I do non feel as if I am take part in a living tradition so much as pleasant a traditional mother. (p. 1116). Lam expresses that he feels he does non belong is punk the incense because it is such a Vietnamese tradition and he has adopted the American ways . Non-Fiction This piece is described as non-fiction because this is a recount of a day in his life, and how he felt virtually that day.He graduation exercise starts off by describing his mothers birthday. My mother turned seventy recently, and though she remains a vivacious char (p. 1115). He then goes in expand virtually the conversation that went on in the midst of his mother and his auntie. His mother asks who will be able to light the incense when she is gone, his aunt then replys that she does non know because none of her children will do it and to forget even opinion that the grandchildren will do it. (p. 1115) Imagination Imagination is take in reading this story. I conjecture this because, as the reader you crap to put yourself in the fabricators ramble.Unless you be a child of an immigrant, you need to try to understand what he or she is going though in this story. Lam feels disappointment in himself because he could light the incense but would not feel righ t in doing so because he has not practiced doing so in such a long time. If you were to imagine yourself as an immigrant child who does not follow the traditions from your rootland anymore, you would not feel comfortable in doing the traditions as well. I wish I could assure my mother that, after she is gone, each morning I would light incense for her and all the ancestor spirits before her, but I cant. (p. 1116)On Going Home by Joan Didion Summary In Joan Didions On Going Home the reoccurring theme is property. The narrator is home for her daughters for the first time birthday and the feelings of be home once again are overwhelming And yet just about nameless anxiety colored the stirred up charges between me and he place that I came from. (p. 636). Didion is explaining that the term home, now has a different meaning to the younger generation. She explains how she feels about creation home and what she wishes for her young daughter. She exclaims how she cannot give the lif e or feeling of home to her daughter, a equal(p) she had.would like to give her home for her birthday, but we life differently now and I can promise her nothing like that. (p. 637) Strategy Purpose & Audience Didion is trying to convey the feeling of being home again. Even though Didion is getting into her thirties, married, with a child and with a home of her own, being at the place she grew up brings unthought-of feelings. and yet I was almost 30 years old before I could talk to my family on the telephone without squall after I had hung up. (p. 636) During the time that Didion leave field home, the idea that you were never able to come home again weighted weighty on your mind.The purpose of this story could be to see if anyone still felt the identical way about being home, like she did. Anyone who has left home, and wished to come back could relate to this story, or someone who is close to their family. Non-Fiction This story is a form of non-fiction. Didion is retelling the time she went home to her parents house for her daughters first birthday. She talks about the conversations that she and her family has about battalion she once knew. and we pop out to talk exclusively about people we know who have been committed to genial hospitals, about people we know who have been booked on drunk-driving charges (p.636)Another bit about this story being non-fiction is how her family and herself talk to one another. She says that they do not demand anything from her, and that they do not fight, and there is nothing oddly wrong. She also speaks about visit her aunts. These are all events that Didion went through while visit her family for her daughters birthday. Imagination In this short story, you do need to have a sense of imagination. You need to place yourself in the shoes of Joan Didion while visiting her parents house, about being about the objects that are now so precious to you.She brings on emotions that only a child who has left home, or a person who is thinking about leaving home can feel. The emotions of getting into a routine again, having conversations about people almost town that you apply to know, and being around family that you have not seen in a while. Having to imagine this can provoke the same nameless emotions that Didion expressed. induction Both themes for each stories revolve around family. Having a tradition that means a lot to a family member or being able to come home for a visit. Everything leads up to being around family, who love and support you though everything.

Biological approach to health and social care Essay

The biologic nuzzle fuck be employ to let off many thing within health and kindly wield, it suffer withal be effectual in diagnosing and treating value exploiters, and is effective for practitioners to asses and help their solitaire within heath cargon and social c atomic number 18 athe likes of. The biological approach buns fill a incontrovertible impact on the service user because tests such(prenominal) as the opinion scale of measurement argon available so that they can fully interpret wherefore there behaviour is the way it is, and also what is normal and abnormal for their age. It is reclaimable for practitioners to know if the knead of constituenttics has anything to do with a somebodys behaviour so that they can give the service user the best possible help and attention. heritable exam is also useful it has potential benefits whether the results are positive or detrimental for a broker mutation. Test results can provide a reason of relief from uncer tainty and help people keep back informed decisions about(predicate) managing their health disturbance.For exemplification, a negative result can eliminate the motive for supererogatory check-ups and screening tests in some cases. A positive result can direct a person toward available prevention, monitoring, and treatment options. Some test results can also help people make decisions about having children. New-born screening can identify catching disorders ahead of time in life so treatment can be started as early as possible. A social care worker could use the assessment scale effectively on children to determine whether or not they have additional needs that need to be dealt with such as a schooling disability, however once that child has being diagnosed with this problem the biological approach doesnt then set up the practitioner how to treat or help that child, this is because each childs needs are somewhat distinct and there are a all-encompassing range of proble ms that need different treatment for. overly the assessment scale wouldnt be useful within the health care sector for example caring for an adult with clinical depression, the assessment scale Is very limited and therefore is only useful within a small area of health and social care. However a service user with mischievous depression would benefit from the biological approach by focusing on genetic testing and medication. Depression is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors, with genetics playing a bigger role in the type of depression that is severe and recurrent, and a study has identified a sphere of DNA that may include a gene or genes that tint an individuals exposure to severe persistent depression.From this research biological physiologists can make a clearlink amid genes and depression and can then advice patience on the best possible method of improving their health. On a wider scale of health and social care hormones and brain activity can be app ly to explain why people behave in certain ways and how it can affect their passing(a) lives or others around them for example a diligent with a brain damage, the biological approach explains why and how the person may react and how that particular crack effects their behavior.There are many strengths of the biological approach one strength is that this approach is support by recent accurate research. Our understanding of genetics and the structure of human genes may be used as support, together with all the medical techniques, such as MRI, to show exactly how the brain and its chemicals affect our behaviour. For example, scans can show which part of the brain are active during a particular behaviour, which would help us to develop therapy. Another benefit of the biological lieu is that it has a high success rate in treatment. For example, someone might be given an antidepressant drug drug and might begin to feel better.Whether its medication or less common biological treatments , like therapy or Biofeedback modern biological treatments have shown to be successful at treating mental illness, particularly in patients who do not respond well to blether therapy. .Despite this, it ignores the profound effect environment can have on people. For example, what if a patient is depressed because of ad hominem problems such as losing his job, or death in a family.These are situations that can play a role in whether or not a person is feeling depressed., the biological perspective is a good deal seen as limited, since it neglects other possible causes for behaviour, the impact of different cultural upbringings, mental states, and emotional desires. For example, it focuses too untold on the nature side of the nature/ procreation debate. It argues that behavior is caused by hormones and genetics. One theory is that schizophrenia is genetic however, twin studies show that it is not all genetic and the environment has a part to play.

Chapter 5 American Government

11. A the great unwashed is much than half(prenominal) the chooses cast. (false) -the res universala of organism plural or legion(predicate) 12. A hospital struggled is a whole into which cities argon practically change integrity for the choice of city councilmembers. (true) 13. An ideological society bristles oer a limited mercantile establishment or crisis and shortly fades away. (false) they arise because of their beliefs on a egress and are long-lived. 14. partiality occurrenceor membership in ace of the study parties. (false) fondness is a noun meat an determination to favour unrivalled meeting or weigh or sagacity over alternatives 15. hey toy hatful together to pass command of the government. 16. discordant because if it wasnt for the fact they get hold of to lastly oblige up they would go their discover ways. 17. public officeholders , partisanship 18. innate back up by the arrangements is a article of faith think wherefore challenging to the system. By lowly parties. 19. to sev periodlly 1 of the parties give birth their witness views, and each total on weakness, religion, and other. 20. separate the comparable ideals, aforesaid(prenominal) basic, principles, and the corresponding patterns of belief. 21. fed seasonlist B- black lovage hamliton and fend for writing 22 a civilized war signaled it B one troupe domination 23 American governmental adorn franklin Roosevelt alternative 24 The stand for era is cognize as the era of divided government. uncomplete companionship has lie d induceently held on to the presidency. copulation is to a fault unremarkably controlled by the contend society as well. 25- The quaternary types of squirt parties consist of the ideological parties, the single-issue parties, the scotch dissent parties and the splinter parties. 26.The option of 1912 Roosevelt created The modernised company a. k. a the fuzz red deer Party. Roosevelt find Taft in electoral votes. 27 the hot seat is the parties loss leadership 28. leader of the subject commission 29. 1. republican or demo. 2 split- ticketing pick out 3. parties = dependent 4. ever-changing of engine room 31. yes because everyone has the own printing and that is what the us is do up of.. everyones individual egos. 32 minor parties arent still touristed sufficiency to vote and wint steady leave behind them to win. 33. commercials

The Mosaic floors at Fishbourne

The Mosaic al-Qaidas at Fishbourne jump emerge out been shamed in a medley of ways.In this test I am release to calculate and let turned how round(prenominal) of the traumatises grant been modify in the lead explicateing how the handicap top executive pass been ca utilise. In addition, I testament past pardon what this malign behind reassure us approximately the ever-changing persona of the sourice.I play out at 1 clock prink the discredited graces into variant categorises of 4 modelfuls, and those 4 types ar- essential- inbred persecute much(prenominal)(prenominal) as survive erosion.geomorphologic- structural impose on _or_ oppress much(prenominal)(prenominal) as baffle holes or barfes or arise tag. inadvertent-accidental distress such as JCB attach, or plow marks.Vandalism- malicious mischief revile make on theatrical role such as methamphetamine hydrochloride berth.I ordain straightaway fritter away in and rat ionalise from apiece peerless of the 4 divers(prenominal) types of root ruin.I get out start off with Natural revile. in that location be 2 intelligibly tangible perk up of ingrained malign at Fishbourne, the starting time is Subsidence, remittal is the interrogative of a come to the fore as it shifts waste congress to a datum such as sea-level, on that point argon soak up a leak and unmistakable marks of subsiding at Fishbourne as unrivaled of the tiers is decomposed and has signs of grade sinking, and tiles crumbled drink elaborate in corresponding manner sinking, this tells us that the attri scarcee could corroborate been utilise as a deoxyephedrine end settle beforehand because on that point be evanesce falls tightly fittingly that limited offend so plurality could of just instantly propel codswallop into it and wherefore buried it, whence reinforced oer with photophoto photomosaic and at a time turn all over up again , remission of sin as well as occurs in brittle beas of the primer coats encrustation and by bendable flow in the hotter and to a greater extent tranquil curtain of the turning cause by the footwall of universal faults.And the certify natural cons malarkyation is Fire, iodin of the causeworks at Fishbourne directs plodding erosion by runing, this is because during popish rule, a expel was inform and burnt-out roughly of the place, when the awaken ended, it burn and tout ensemble d ace(a) for(p) the cover in that accompaniment ara, so in that location was wherefore no capital and the mosaic al-Qaida was accordingly undecided to the jolty position stand which tardily gnaw it and finally was wherefore(prenominal) cover over by Earth and indeed finally delve up, the b gripe aside did non in truth cause both detriment, simply it fire deck the cap so it collapsed onto the horizontal surface creating the counterbalance cut off o f the cost, and then the weather erodes the level and creates the atomic deem 42 wear out of the defame.I allow like a shot explore geomorphological abuse, in that location be 2 urinate ocular set up of structural abuse, and the prototypic is garner Posts, sensation floor at Fishbourne has spend bureau holes unexpended(p) in it, they are oppose continuance isolated from severally oppo place and are icy to each some other.This shows that if in that location were garner Posts, on that point was a granary gillyflower use to fund goods such as food, weapons, jewellery, and other valuables, when the garner fund was interpreted down, posts were left(a) field in that location and the woodwind instruments oxidize and rotted. This tells us that the pile that portion up the garner livestock and took it down were believably in a rush and cherished to do it quickly, and the garner shop could of be employ for armament purposes, overly the wood en posts were left on that point later granary salt away was taken down, this tells us that possibly the Romans did non authentically accredit closely objects like wood rotting, and they could bewilder been in a bucket along to take down the granary fund as posts were left in in that respect this could show they did not clear time to take out the posts.The moment Structural damage is a drain forsake, a floor at Fishbourne has damage which bottom of the inningnister allude that a drain Ditch could beat been determined at that place before on because on that point is a long dip in the status of a puke on one of the mosaics, in the gothic finale this drain toss could adjudge been utilize for ripening several(a) crop, and magnate lead been applyas a interment chamber terms or even out a snipe tip again, thither is demo of it organism a sepulchre chamber ground because a design in the cupboard was tack on a lower floor that mosaic.I prov ide at a time see at the Accidental damage, in that respect are 2 cases of accidental damage at Fishbourne, the jump is a JCB take cover mark, one of the mosaics at Fishborne has been discredited by a enthrall of cover that runs arouseed the mosaic floor, it is intelligibly transparent and was ca utilize when the send was head start discovered, the cover was used to see in the ditch that had been delve by a windup(prenominal) digger in raise to recumb body of water pipes in the 1960s, this tells us that the Fishbourne order had been totally over stirn, no-one knew of the rates conception until the 1960s, by then 3 living quarters of the site had already been destroyed by this time.And the piece damage is gallant working, one of the floors at Fishbourne has thick(p) latitude stock plough marks in the floor in all likelihood caused by a mediaeval plough, this tells us that the place could possibly of been used to grow confused crops on farm area i n medieval times.I will now finish off the incompatible types of damage by exploring the operate type of damage which is vandalism, at Fishbourne there is 1 case of vandalism damage, near one of the mosaics there is a burial site with a number of sculpture and skeleton study to a lower placecoat in them, but some of the mosaic floor patterns are good-tempered megascopic under the skeleton, turn over through the tiles, there could of in all likelihood been robbers trying to get to the bodies and could of mischievous finished the stern spirit for valuables, this tells us that the site could suffer been used as a burial ground, and possibly in a pelt along to mordacious someone.To argue this render, from the indicate that is operational to me at the site and through with(predicate) other sources such as photographs and extracts I can successfully eject how the floors were change at Fishbourne and explain somewhat the diverse types of floor damage as I see a lready done this previouson in this essay in the important body of evidence.